A Wushu Master’s degree was set up by the State Council in 1984.
Wushu specialty has been established in some Physical Education Institutes and Normal Institutes to bring up undergraduates and postgraduates of wushu. Wushu societies and teams were set up in some colleges and universities. All schools have made wushu part of the programme of physical education. Under the guidance of the Chinese State Physical Culture and Sports Commission and the Chinese Wushu Association, wushu associations, wushu schools, wushu societies, research societies, wushu teams of amateur sports schools and teaching centres were set up in many counties in all provinces, cities and autonomous regions, forming a vast network for wushu activities of the masses and a wide path for the development of wushu. The first draft of Wushu Competition Rules was compiled by the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission in 1958. In 1956 the Chinese Wushu Association was set up in Beijing, and wushu thus became an official competition event. Wushu was listed as a formal course in local sports institutes and their physical education departments. In 1953 the Nation-wide Traditional Sports Demonstration and Competition was held in Tianjin, at which wushu was the major content. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, wushu has become a component of the socialist culture and the people’s physical education and sports, and has developed spectacularly. In the same year the Chinese Wushu Team gave a demonstration in Berlin at the XI Olympic Games. In 1936 the Chinese Wushu Delegation was organized to visit Southeast Asia. Two National Wushu Meets were held by the Central Wushu Institute in 19 in Nanjing. After its establishment, local wushu institutes were established in provinces, cities and counties. In 1928 the Central Wushu Institute was established in Nanjing by the Republic Government. These wushu parties played an important role in spreading and developing wushu. The Jingwu Sports Society was set up in Shanghai in 1910, and the Chinese Martial Artists’ Society and Zhirou Pugilistic Society were successively set up. During the Republic of China, (1912-1949), many organizations appeared in forms of pugilistic societies such as the Martial Artists’ Society and Physical Culture Society. Wrestling systems came into being and bare-hand fighting was also developed. During the Qing dynasty, with the development of pugilism and weapon-play, various schools, such as Taijiquan, Xingyiquan (form and will pugilism), Baguazhan (8 diagram palm) formed gradually. The Ming and Qing dynasties were the flourishing era for wushu with various schools and different styles. As bare-hand fighting and sumo were popular, the kind of contest on Leitai (an open ring for challenge) appeared.
There also appeared street performers called Luqi men, making a living by performing “Exercise of Fists”, “Kicking”, “Exercise of Cudgel”, “Play of Cudgel”, “Dance with Saber and Spear”, “Sword Dance”, “Spear vs Shield” and “Sword vs Shield” in the streets. During the Tang and Sung dynasties many civil wushu organizations came into existence. Activities of bare-hand fighting, competitive wrestling and sword fighting were recorded in Annals of Arts/Han Book, Biography of Emperor Wu/Han Book and Preface: On Allusion. During the Qin and Han dynasties dancing sports similar to routine exercise such as broadsword-play, dagger-axe-play, swordplay, and double-halberdplay appeared successively. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, the applications of fighting techniques in the battlefield were emphasized. These were the earliest embryos of wushu, which served as a menu to build up health, cure diseases, prolong life, temper the fighting will and train military skills for the members of these societies. At that time, there appeared the “Xi” (sport) of Jiaodi (wrestling) and the “Wu” (dance or exercise) of Ganqi (axe and shield). Wushu, a time-honoured sport in China, traces back to as early as the time of the clan communes in primitive societies.
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WUSHU IS A TRADITIONAL CHINESE SPORT, WHICH PAYS ATTENTION TO BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ACTIVITIES, WITH FIGHTING MOVEMENTS AS ITS MAIN CONTENT AND WITH ROUTINE EXERCISES AND FREE COMBAT AS ITS FORMS.
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